Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park UPSC

The Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, also known as Mahavir Harina Vanasthali Wildlife Sanctuary, is a national park located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. 

The national park was established with the aim of protecting the endangered blackbuck species, which is the state animal of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is named after Mahavir, the 24th Jain Tirthankara, and "Harina" refers to deer in Sanskrit.

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is popular among nature enthusiasts, wildlife photographers, and tourists who visit Hyderabad. It provides opportunities for wildlife sightings, bird watching, and nature walks. The park is also equipped with basic facilities such as a visitor center, watchtowers, and a deer park.

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park Location

The Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is located at Vanasthalipuram in Hyderabad, Telangana. It is situated approximately 15 kilometers away from the city center. 

The park is easily accessible by road, and there are several transportation options available to reach the national park from different parts of Hyderabad.

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport, also known as Hyderabad Airport. It is located approximately 35 kilometers away from the national park. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use other transportation options to reach the park. 

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is the Hyderabad Deccan Railway Station, also known as Nampally Railway Station. It is located in the heart of Hyderabad, approximately 15 kilometers away from the national park. From the railway station, you can hire a taxi, use local transportation options, or book a private cab to reach Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park. 

Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park History

The history of Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park dates back to ancient times. The region where the park is located has been associated with wildlife and conservation for centuries. Here is a brief overview of the history of the national park:

1. Ancient Times: The area around Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park is believed to have been part of the ancient kingdom of Vijayanagara, which flourished during the 14th to 16th centuries. The region was known for its rich biodiversity and was likely used as hunting grounds for the royals.

2. Hunting Reserve: During the Nizam rule in Hyderabad, the region was declared a hunting reserve for the ruling elite. It was used for recreational hunting activities, including hunting blackbucks, which were prized for their meat and antlers.

3. Wildlife Sanctuary: In 1975, recognizing the need to protect the dwindling population of blackbucks, the government of Andhra Pradesh declared the area as a wildlife sanctuary. It was named Mahavir Harina Vanasthali Wildlife Sanctuary (As a tribute to the 2500th anniversary of Mahavir’s nirvana) , combining the name of the 24th Jain Tirthankara, Mahavir, with "Harina," meaning deer.

4. National Park Status: In 1994, the sanctuary was upgraded to the status of a national park, and it became known as Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park.

Mrugavani National Park UPSC

Mrugavani National Park is a popular wildlife sanctuary located in the state of Telangana, India. Situated approximately 25 kilometers from the city of Hyderabad. The national park is known for its diverse flora and fauna, making it a significant ecological hotspot in the region.

Mrugavani National Park serves as a vital green lung for the city of Hyderabad, providing a much-needed respite from the urban hustle. It is a popular destination for locals and tourists alike, offering a chance to experience nature and wildlife in close proximity to the city.

Mrugavani National Park Location

Mrugavani National Park is located in the Ranga Reddy District of Telangana, India. It is situated at Chilkur in Moinabad mandal. Moinabad mandal is one of the 27 mandals in Ranga Reddy district of the Indian state of Telangana.

It is situated approximately 25 kilometers from the city of Hyderabad, the capital of Telangana. The Park is in near Chilkur Balaji Temple, about 20 km by road from MGBS (Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station)

Mrugavani National Park Nearest Airport:

Rajiv Gandhi International Airport is nearest airport at a distance of 21 kms.

Mrugavani National Park Nearest Railway Station:

Hyderabad Deccan Railway Station is the nearest railway station at a distance of 19.7 kms.

Mrugavani National Park History

Mrugavani National Park has a relatively short but interesting history. Here are some key points regarding its establishment and development:

1. Establishment: Mrugavani National Park was established in 1994 with the aim of preserving the natural habitat of the endangered species found in the Deccan Plateau region of Telangana, India. The park was created under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972.

2. Conservation Efforts: The primary objective of the park is to protect the flora and fauna native to the region and promote their conservation. It serves as a sanctuary for various animal and plant species, offering them a safe habitat.

Mrugavani National Park Area

Mrugavani National Park covers an area of approximately 3.6 square kilometers (1.4 sq mi) or 1211 acres. This area encompasses the park's diverse ecosystems, including its tropical dry deciduous forest, grasslands, and water bodies.

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park UPSC

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park, also known as KBR National Park, is a national park located in the state of Telangana, India. The park was named after Kasu Brahmananda Reddy, who served as the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh (now divided into Telangana and Andhra Pradesh) from 1964 to 1971.

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park offers a refreshing escape from the bustling city life of Hyderabad, providing a tranquil setting for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts to explore and enjoy.

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park Location

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is located in the Jubilee Hills area of Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana state in India. Specifically, it is situated in the Jubilee Hills Checkpost neighborhood, which is in close proximity to the city center. 

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park Nearest Airport:

The park is approximately 18 kilometers (11 miles) away from the Rajiv Gandhi International Airport in Hyderabad.

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railaway stations to the park are Hyderabad station, located at a distance of  10 kilometres from the park.

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park History

Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park has a history rooted in the development and urbanization of Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana, India. Here's a brief overview of its history:

1. Formation: The park was established in the year 1994. It was named after Kasu . Brahmananda Reddy, a prominent politician and the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh from 1964 to 1971. The park was developed as a tribute to his contributions to the state.

2. Land Acquisition: The land for the park was acquired from various sources, including government-owned lands and private properties. The aim was to create a green space within the city, preserving the natural environment and providing recreational opportunities for the public.

3. Development: The development of the park involved landscaping, planting of trees, and creation of walking paths, picnic spots, and other amenities. The park was designed to maintain the natural beauty of the area while providing a peaceful and relaxing environment for visitors.

4. Recognition as National Park: In 1998, the park was officially designated as a national park by the Government of India. This recognition highlights its significance in terms of biodiversity and ecological conservation.

Today, Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park stands as a green oasis in the heart of Hyderabad, offering a respite from the urban hustle and bustle. It continues to be a popular recreational spot and an important landmark in the city, attracting nature lovers and visitors seeking a connection with nature.

Sri Venkateswara National Park UPSC

Sri Venkateswara National Park, also known as SV National Park, is a protected area located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is located within Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary.

It is named after Lord Venkateswara, a form of the Hindu deity Vishnu, who is worshipped at the famous Tirumala Venkateswara Temple situated within the park.

Sri Venkateswara National Park is a part of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve (SLBR).

Sri Venkateswara National Park Location

Sri Venkateswara National Park is located in the Chittoor and Cuddapah districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is spread over the Seshachalam hills of Cuddapah district and Tirumala hills of Chittoor district.

The park is situated in the Eastern Ghats mountain range, which runs parallel to the eastern coast of India.

Sri Venkateswara National Park Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Sri Venkateswara National Park is Tirupati (TIR). 

Sri Venkateswara National Park Nearest Railway Station:

Hyderabad is the nearest railway station and Tirupari is the nearest railhead.

Sri Venkateswara National Park History

Sri Venkateswara National Park has a rich history that is closely linked to the religious and cultural significance of the region. Here is a brief overview of its history:

1. Ancient and Medieval Periods: The region around Sri Venkateswara National Park has a long history dating back to ancient and medieval times. The Tirumala Hills, where the park is located, have been considered sacred since ancient times and have been associated with the worship of Lord Venkateswara. The nearby Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, is believed to have been constructed in the 10th century AD.

2. Wildlife Sanctuary: In 1985, Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary was established with an area of 525.97 sq kms.

3. National Park Status: In 1989, the core area of the Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary is declared as National Park. It covers an area of 353.62 sq kms. It is the first Andhra Pradesh National Park.

4. Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve: In 2010, the government of India declared the Seshachalam Hills as one of the biosphere reserves of India, this national park becomes the part of it.

Papikonda National Park UPSC

Papikonda National Park is a protected area located in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area.

Papikonda National Park Location

Papikonda National Park is located in the in the Papi Hills of the Alluri Sitharama Raju and Eluru districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. It lies in the Eastern Ghats mountain range.

The park lies on the left and right banks of the river Godavari.

Papikonda National Park Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport is Visakhapatnam, about 100 km away from Papikondalu National Park

Papikonda National Park Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest station is Rajahmundry, 4.5 km away from Papikondalu National Park.

Papikonda National Park History

1. Ramayana Era: The Papikonda National Park has mythological significance as it was once the kingdom of the apes during the holy Ramayana era. The area was known as Kishkinda, and its inhabitants helped Lord Rama bring back Sita from Lanka.

2. Reserved Forest: In 1882, the area was declared a reserved forest.

3. Declared a Wildlife Sanctuary: In 1978, the Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was declared. This designation aimed to protect the diverse flora and fauna found in the region.

4. Upgradation to National Park: In 2008, after years of conservation efforts and recognition of its ecological value, Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was upgraded to a national park. 

Rajiv Gandhi National Park UPSC (Rameswaram National Park)

Rajiv Gandhi National Park of Andhra Pradesh is also known as Rameswaram National Park. There are two Rajiv Gandhi National Park in India. One is in Karnataka, which is officially known as Nagarhole National Park. The second one is in Andhra Pradesh, which is known as Rameswaram National Park.

Rajiv Gandhi National Park Location

Rajiv Gandhi National Park (Rameswaram National Park) is a national park located in Rameswaram of Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The park lies on the north bank of the Penna River.

It is located in the central plains of extensions hill ranges of Veligondas, Palakondas, Lankamallais, and Yerramalais.

Rajiv Gandhi National Park Nearest Airport:

• Kadapa Airport

Rajiv Gandhi National Park Nearest Railway Station:

• Kadapa Railway Station

Rajiv Gandhi National Park History

19 November 2005: The park was established as Rameshvaram National Park.

26 December 2005: The park name was changed to Rajiv Gandhi National Park.

Rajiv Gandhi National Park Area

Rajiv Gandhi National Park cover an area about 2.4 square kilometers.

Rajiv Gandhi National Park River

Rajiv Gandhi National Park situated on the north bank of the Penna River.

Penna River:

The Penna River, also known as the Penner River, is a major river in southern India. It flows through the states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, and finally empties into the Bay of Bengal. The river has a length of approximately 597 kilometers (371 miles).

Originating in the Nandi Hills of Karnataka, the Penna River initially flows eastward through the Deccan Plateau before turning south near the town of Bagepalli. It then forms the boundary between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh for a stretch before entirely entering Andhra Pradesh. The river passes through the cities of Anantapur, Kadapa, and Nellore before joining the Bay of Bengal near the city of Nellore.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (Pench) National Park UPSC

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park Location

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park is located in the Nagpur district of Maharashtra, India. It was previously known as Pench National Park. It is named after the renowned conservationist and the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. 

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park Nearest Airport:

• Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport, Nagpur

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park Nearest Railway Station:

• Nagpur Junction Railway Station

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park History 

Establishment as a National Park: In 1975, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (Pench) National Park was established.

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park Area

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park covers an area of approximately 257.26 square kilometers. 

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park Flora

Here are some notable flora you may find in the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru National Park:

Trees:

• Indian gum tree or Dhau
• Crape myrtle
• Indian laurel or Saja
• Indian frankincense or Salai
• Indian ash tree or Wodier
• Mahua tree or Butter tree
• Indian rosewood or Sissoo
• Siris tree or Woman's tongue tree
• Ebony tree or Tendu
• Indian kino tree or Bijasal
• Indian blackberry or Jamun
• Arjuna tree
• Indian gooseberry or Amla
• White crossberry or Nagbala
• Wild guava or Kumbhi
• Wild jasmine or Nagchampa
• Golden shower tree or Amaltas
• Arabian jasmine or Gandharaj
• Catechu or Khair
• Flame of the forest or Palash
• Wild jujube or Ber

Shrubs:

• East Indian screw tree or Maror Phali
• Indian jujube or Sisir
• Karanda or Bengal currant
• Fireflame bush or Dhawai
• Wild indigo or Bhuikohra
• Governor's plum or Ramphal
• Lavender vine or Rat ki Rani

Grasses:

• Napier grass or African foxtail grass
• Black spear grass or Firegrass
• Kangaroo grass or Redgrass
• Bermuda grass or Durva grass