Thinungei Bird Sanctuary UPSC

Thinungei Bird Sanctuary is located in the state of Manipur, sharing its western border with the famous Loktak Lake. The sanctuary consists of a mixture of swampy areas, floating biomass, and open water. It is situated in the North East Zone biogeographic zone.

The sanctuary is situated in this picturesque region, known for its scenic beauty and the conservation of various bird species, including critically endangered ones like the yellow-breasted bunting. 

Thinungei Bird Sanctuary Location

The Thinungei Bird Sanctuary is located in the Bishnupur district of Manipur, India. It shares its western border with the famous Loktak Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in the Northeastern region of India. 

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Thinungei Bird Sanctuary is located in Imphal, Manipur. Imphal Airport is approximately 32 kilometers away from the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

As for the nearest railway stations, you have a couple of options:

Jiribam Railway Station: Jiribam is a town in Manipur, and it has a railway station. This could be one of the nearest railway stations to Thinungei Bird Sanctuary within the state of Manipur.

Dimapur Railway Station: Dimapur is located in Nagaland and is another option. It's relatively close to Manipur and provides rail connectivity.

Thinungei Bird Sanctuary History

Establishment: The Thinungei Bird Sanctuary was officially notified and established as a bird sanctuary in the year 2019. This designation is a formal recognition of the area's significance for the conservation of avian species and their habitats. 

Thinungei Bird Sanctuary Area

The Thinungei Bird Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 1.031 square kilometers (103.1 hectares). This sanctuary is relatively small in size but is home to a diverse range of bird species, including both resident and migratory birds. 

Thinungei Bird Sanctuary Lake

The Thinungei Bird Sanctuary is situated in the vicinity of Loktak Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in the Northeastern region of India. While the sanctuary itself primarily consists of swampy areas, floating biomass, and open water habitats rather than being a separate lake, it is closely associated with Loktak Lake. 

Loktak Lake is known for its unique phumdis, which are floating biomass masses, and it serves as an important ecosystem for various bird species, including migratory birds.

So, while the Thinungei Bird Sanctuary doesn't have its own separate lake, it is located near and shares its western border with Loktak Lake, which contributes to the rich biodiversity of the sanctuary. 

The presence of Loktak Lake and its associated wetlands makes the Thinungei Bird Sanctuary an important site for bird conservation and birdwatching in the region.

Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary UPSC

The Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary is located in the state of Assam, India. This bird sanctuary is known for its rich avian diversity and is an important habitat for various species of birds.

The sanctuary is renowned for its rich avian diversity, with over 267 species of birds identified, including 70 species of migratory birds.

The sanctuary covers a flat terrain on the floodplains and is characterized by wetlands and grasslands. During the monsoon season, much of the area becomes inundated.

The best time to visit the Pani-Dihing Bird Sanctuary is between November and March when many migratory birds are present.

Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary Location

The Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary is located in the Sivasagar district of Assam, India. It is situated approximately 22 kilometers (14 miles) away from Sivasagar town. 

The sanctuary is positioned on the south bank of the River Brahmaputra, near its confluence with the tributary Disang. This location places it within the northeastern region of India.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to the Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary is the Rowriah Airport, which is located in Jorhat, Assam. This airport is approximately 80 kilometers (50 miles) away from the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to the Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary is the Tinsukia Junction, which is situated in Tinsukia, Assam. Tinsukia is a significant railway station in the region and serves as a transportation hub for travelers visiting the sanctuary.

Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary History

The Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary has a history that dates back to its establishment as a protected area for birds. Here's a brief history of the sanctuary:

1. Identification as a Potential Bird Sanctuary: The area that now encompasses the Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary was identified as a potential bird sanctuary in the late 1980s. It was recognized for its significance as a habitat for various bird species, both resident and migratory.

2. Ornithological Surveys: The first systematic ornithological surveys in the area were conducted by Dr. Anwaruddin Choudhury, a noted conservationist, in 1987-88. These surveys helped in documenting the bird species found in the region and assessing its importance as a bird habitat.

3. Establishment as a Bird Sanctuary: Based on the findings of these surveys and recognizing the ecological value of the area for avian life, the Government of Assam officially established the Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary as a protected area in August 1996.

Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary Area

The Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 33.93 square kilometers (13.10 square miles). This sanctuary encompasses a significant expanse of wetlands, grasslands, and other natural habitats that provide a home to a diverse range of bird species, making it a vital conservation area and a popular destination for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary River

The Pani Dihing Bird Sanctuary is situated on the south bank of the River Brahmaputra in the Sivasagar district of Assam, India. Additionally, it is also bounded by the Disang River to the south. 

The sanctuary's location near the confluence of the Brahmaputra and Disang rivers contributes to its unique wetland ecosystem, making it an ideal habitat for a variety of bird species, both resident and migratory. 

The presence of these rivers and their associated wetlands is a critical factor in the sanctuary's importance as a birdwatching and conservation area.

Kitam Bird Sanctuary UPSC

Kitam Bird Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Sikkim, India. It is situated in the East Himalayan biogeographic zone. The sanctuary covers an altitudinal range between 1,200 and 3,200 feet.

The sanctuary is rich in avian biodiversity with over 200 species of birds. The sanctuary also supports numerous species of butterflies.

The best time to visit Kitam Bird Sanctuary is during autumn and winter, specifically from October to late November. This period is ideal for birdwatching, as many migratory bird species visit the sanctuary during this time.

Kitam Bird Sanctuary Location

The Kitam Bird Sanctuary is located near Namchi in the South Sikkim District of Sikkim, India. It is situated approximately 19 kilometers from Namchi. Namchi is the district headquarters of the South Sikkim district. 

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Kitam Bird Sanctuary is Bagdogra Airport, located in the nearby town of Bagdogra in the state of West Bengal, India. Bagdogra Airport is approximately 70 to 80 kilometers away from Kitam Bird Sanctuary, and it serves as the primary airport for the region.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Kitam Bird Sanctuary is New Jalpaiguri Railway Station. It is situated in the city of Siliguri, West Bengal, which is a major transportation hub in the region. New Jalpaiguri Railway Station is at a distance of around 80 to 90 kilometers from Kitam Bird Sanctuary. 

Kitam Bird Sanctuary History

Establishment: The Kitam Bird Sanctuary is a relatively new addition to the protected wildlife areas of Sikkim, India. It was officially notified as a sanctuary on February 3, 2005, when the Government of Sikkim recognized its ecological importance and the need to conserve its biodiversity, especially its avian species.

Kitam Bird Sanctuary Area

The Kitam Bird Sanctuary in Sikkim covers an area of approximately 6 square kilometers. This sanctuary, though relatively small in size, is significant for its rich biodiversity, particularly its diverse bird species and lush forested habitats. 

Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary UPSC

The Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary, also known as Kayal-r Bagan, is a protected area located in West Bengal, India. It is named after the famous ornithologist Chintamani Kar, who was instrumental in its establishment. 

The primary purpose of the Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is the conservation of various avian species and their natural habitats. It provides a safe haven for numerous bird species, making it a popular destination for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts.

The sanctuary's proximity to Kolkata and its accessibility by road and rail make it a convenient destination for both locals and tourists interested in exploring the natural world and observing various bird species.

The best time to visit is during the winter season (October to March) when many migratory birds arrive at the sanctuary. The local authorities have taken steps to preserve the area's ecological balance and maintain it as a suitable habitat for avian species.

Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary Location

The Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is located in the southern part of Kolkata, in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. Specifically, it is near Narendrapur Ramkrishna Mission and is easily accessible from the city center of Kolkata. 

The sanctuary is situated around 15 kilometers from Sealdah, which is a major railway station in Kolkata, and it is also well-connected by road to areas like Garia and the EM Bypass.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is the Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport, which is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. This airport is the primary international gateway to the city of Kolkata and the surrounding region.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary is Sealdah Railway Station, which is a major railway station in Kolkata. Sealdah is well-connected to various parts of Kolkata and serves as a transportation hub for both local and long-distance train services.

Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary History

The Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary has an interesting history. Here's a brief overview of its history:

1. Mango Garden: Originally, the area that is now the Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary was a large mango garden with substantial mango trees. It was a private property and was primarily known for its mango orchards.

2. Sanctuary Status: In 1982, the government of West Bengal officially granted sanctuary status to this area, recognizing its ecological significance as a habitat for various bird species and wildlife. This designation marked the beginning of its transformation into a protected area.

3. Public Access: Before becoming a sanctuary, it was not accessible to the public. However, after receiving sanctuary status, the government took steps to open it to the public, allowing nature enthusiasts, birdwatchers, and researchers to visit and appreciate its natural beauty.

4. Acquisition: In October 2005, the government acquired the land from private owners. This acquisition ensured better management and conservation of the area's biodiversity.

5. Renaming: On September 8, 2004, it was initially named Narendrapur Wildlife Sanctuary, referencing the nearby town of Narendrapur. However, on October 21, 2005, it was renamed the Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary in honor of the celebrated sculptor Chintamani Kar. Chintamani Kar had played a pivotal role in advocating for the sanctuary's status as a protected wildlife area, and this renaming served as a tribute to his efforts.

Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary Area

The Chintamani Kar Bird Sanctuary covers a relatively small area. It spans approximately 17 acres or roughly 0.07 square kilometers. 

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC (Kulik Bird Sanctuary)

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, also known as Kulik Bird Sanctuary, is located in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is renowned for its avian diversity, particularly as a bird sanctuary. The Kulik Bird Sanctuary is home to 164 bird species.

Kulik is one of Asia’s largest bird sanctuaries, with Asia’s largest colony (heronry) of Open-billed Storks. 

Nesting occurs between July and August, and egg laying occurs between August and September.

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary Location

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (Kulik Bird Sanctuary) is located near the town of Raiganj in the Uttar Dinajpur district of the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated along National Highway 34, and a portion of the sanctuary is bordered by the Kulik River. 

The sanctuary is approximately 4 kilometers (about 2.5 miles) north of the center of Raiganj town, which serves as the district headquarters for Uttar Dinajpur.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary is Bagdogra Airport. Bagdogra Airport is approximately 181 kilometers (about 112 miles) away from Raiganj. It serves as the closest major airport for travelers coming to Raiganj by air.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary is the Jalpaiguri Railway Station. Jalpaiguri Railway Station is the main railway station in the region and is commonly used by travelers to access Raiganj and its surrounding areas. It is located at a distance of approximately 100-120 kilometers (about 62-75 miles) from Raiganj, depending on the specific route taken.

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary History

The history of Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (Kulik Bird Sanctuary) is rooted in its development as a protected area and a haven for migratory and resident bird species. Here's an overview of its history:

1. Early Development: The sanctuary's history can be traced back to the early 1970s when the Government of West Bengal initiated a social forestry program in the region. As part of this program, various tree species, including kadam, jarul, sisoo (Dalbergia sisoo), and eucalyptus, were planted. This afforestation effort aimed to create a forested area in what was previously barren land.

2. Emergence as a Bird Sanctuary: The significant turning point in the sanctuary's history occurred when it started attracting a diverse range of bird species, especially during the hatching season. The Asian Open-billed Storks, in particular, began nesting in the area, and this natural phenomenon gained attention.

3. Official Designation: In recognition of the sanctuary's growing importance as a bird habitat and the influx of migratory birds, Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary was officially designated as a protected area in the year 1985. It was during this period that the sanctuary's significance as a bird sanctuary became widely recognized.

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary Area

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 1.30 square kilometers (130 hectares). This sanctuary is relatively compact in size but is ecologically significant due to its diverse avian population, making it an important site for bird conservation and ecotourism in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary River

Which river flows in Kulik Bird Sanctuary?

Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary (Kulik Bird Sanctuary) is situated along the banks of the Kulik River in the Uttar Dinajpur district of West Bengal, India. The Kulik River flows around a portion of the sanctuary, serving as a natural border in the eastern and southern parts of the sanctuary. 

This river is an integral part of the sanctuary's ecosystem and provides a water source and habitat for various bird and aquatic species, contributing to the sanctuary's biodiversity. 

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary UPSC (Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary)

The Nalbana Bird Sanctuary, also known as the Chilika Wildlife Sanctuary, is a significant wetland and bird sanctuary located in the state of Odisha in India. It is situated within the Chilika Lake, which is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest in the world.

The Nalbana Bird Sanctuary is recognized for its critical role as a habitat and breeding ground for a wide variety of bird species. It provides essential feeding and nesting grounds for both resident and migratory birds.

The sanctuary attracts thousands of migratory birds, particularly during the winter months when many species of waterfowl, waders, and shorebirds travel to the area from various parts of the world. These migratory birds come to Chilika Lake to escape harsh winter conditions in their breeding areas.

The Nalbana Bird Sanctuary plays a vital role in India's natural heritage and bird conservation efforts. It is a significant destination for bird enthusiasts, researchers, and conservationists, offering opportunities to observe and study a wide variety of avian species in their natural habitat.

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary Location

The Nalbana Bird Sanctuary is located in the Khurda district of Odisha, India. It is situated within Chilika Lake in the state of Odisha. 

Chilika Lake is situated along the eastern coast of India and is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest in the world. Nalbana Island is specifically situated in the northern part of Chilika Lake.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Nalbana Bird Sanctuary is the Biju Patnaik International Airport, located in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha, India. Bhubaneswar is well-connected by air to major cities in India, and from there, you can arrange for further transportation to reach Chilika Lake and Nalbana Bird Sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

The nearest railway station to Nalbana Bird Sanctuary is Khallikote Railway Station, which is about 18 kilometers away from the sanctuary. Khallikote is a small railway station on the Howrah-Chennai main railway line. Alternatively, you can also consider reaching the Balugaon Railway Station, which is approximately 30 kilometers from Nalbana Bird Sanctuary. Both of these railway stations offer options for onward travel to Chilika Lake.

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary History

The Nalbana Bird Sanctuary has a history closely tied to the conservation of bird species and the ecological significance of the Chilika Lake ecosystem. Here is a brief history of the sanctuary:

1. Formation and Early Years: Nalbana Island is situated within Chilika Lake, which has been recognized for its ecological importance for centuries. Historical evidence suggests that Chilika Lake was once part of the Bay of Bengal about 6,000 years ago. Over time, natural processes like littoral drift and silt deposits from adjoining rivers led to the formation of a sand spit barrier, separating the lake from the Bay of Bengal.

2. Designation as a Bird Sanctuary: The Nalabana Island of Chilika Lake was declared a bird sanctuary in 1987. It was accorded the status of a bird sanctuary under the Wildlife Protection Act of India. This declaration was a significant step in recognizing the island's importance as a critical habitat for a variety of bird species, both resident and migratory.

3. Ramsar Designation: Chilika Lake, including Nalbana Island, was designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 1981. This global recognition highlighted the lake's vital role in supporting biodiversity and migratory bird populations.

4. Conservation Efforts: Since its declaration as a bird sanctuary, conservation efforts have been ongoing to protect the Nalbana Bird Sanctuary and the Chilika Lake ecosystem. Sustainable fishing practices, habitat preservation, and the monitoring of bird populations are some of the key conservation measures.

5. Seasonal Changes: Nalbana Island experiences seasonal changes, including submergence during the monsoon months and emergence during the post-monsoon period. This natural cycle influences the arrival and departure of birds, making it a dynamic and unique ecosystem.

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary Area

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 15.53 square kilometers (6 square miles). This sanctuary is situated within Chilika Lake in the state of Odisha, India. 

The island serves as a crucial habitat for various bird species, both resident and migratory, and its protected area status is essential for the conservation of avian biodiversity in the region. 

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary Lake

Nalbana Bird Sanctuary is located within Chilika Lake in the state of Odisha, India. Chilika Lake is the largest coastal lagoon in India and the second largest in the world. 

Nalbana Island is situated within the northern part of Chilika Lake. It is an integral part of the lake's ecosystem and serves as a crucial habitat for various bird species, making it a significant destination for bird conservation and research in the region.

Chilika Lake itself is an estuarine lagoon, characterized by its brackish water, and it is subject to minor tidal fluctuations. The lake receives water from rivers such as the Daya and Bhargavi, as well as several small streams. 

It is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, mudflats, and islands, which support a wide range of wildlife, including birds, fish, and other aquatic species. 

The lake's ecological significance led to its designation as a Ramsar site in 1981, highlighting its global importance for wetland conservation.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary UPSC

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. It comprises three main components: Kallur Reserve Forest Area, Nelapattu Tank Area, and Unreserved Forest Area.

Nelapattu is a crucial breeding ground for various bird species, with large populations of pelicans, openbills, cormorants, and other waterfowl. The number of breeding pairs of pelicans has fluctuated over the years, with efforts to protect and conserve them.

The local communities in Nelapattu benefit from the presence of these birds, as they use guano (bird droppings) as a natural fertilizer for their crops. In turn, they play a role in protecting the birds.

The ideal time to visit Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is from October to February, especially during the winter months when migratory birds are present.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary Location

The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is located in the Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is situated in the southeastern part of India, near the town of Naidupeta. 

The sanctuary is approximately 13 kilometers away from both Naidupeta and Sullurupeta, making these towns the closest urban centers with transportation links to the sanctuary.

Nearest Airport:

The nearest airport to Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is the Tirupati Airport. Tirupati Airport is located approximately 67 kilometers away from the sanctuary.

Nearest Railway Station:

As for the nearest railway stations, both Naidupeta and Sullurupeta have railway stations, and they are each about 13 kilometers away from Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary. Travelers can choose either of these railway stations to reach the sanctuary by train.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary History

The history of the Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary can be traced back to its establishment and the events leading up to its recognition as an important site for bird conservation. Here's an overview of its history:

1. Notification as a Bird Sanctuary: Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary was officially notified as a bird sanctuary in the year 1976. This formal recognition by the government marked the beginning of its conservation efforts and protection as a significant habitat for birds.

2. Village Influence: The sanctuary is named after the village of Nelapattu, which is located nearby. The local communities in and around Nelapattu have played an essential role in the history of the sanctuary. They have benefited from the presence of the birds, particularly from the guano produced by the birds, which they use as a natural fertilizer for their crops.

3. Conservation Efforts: Over the years, the sanctuary has been managed and protected by the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department. Conservation efforts have been focused on preserving the diverse birdlife and the fragile wetland ecosystem within the sanctuary.

4. Breeding Ground for Birds: Nelapattu has gained recognition as one of the most important breeding grounds for various bird species, including the Grey Pelican, White Ibis, Asian Openbill, Little Cormorant, Eurasian Spoonbill, and Black-crowned Night Heron. The sanctuary provides a safe and suitable environment for these birds to breed and raise their young.

5. Local Beliefs: The arrival of the birds at Nelapattu is considered significant by the local people, who view these birds as "celestial birds" believed to bring about good rains and successful crops. The villagers have a strong interest in protecting the birds due to these beliefs.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary Area

The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary covers an area of approximately 4.59 square kilometers (or 459 hectares). This sanctuary encompasses various habitats, including freshwater lakes, marshes, mudflats, and adjacent forested areas, providing a diverse environment that supports a wide range of bird species, both resident and migratory.

Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary Lake

The Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary is known for its association with several lakes and wetland habitats. One of the prominent features of the sanctuary is the Nelapattu Tank, which is a significant water body within the sanctuary. This tank, along with other shallow lakes, marshes, and mudflats, forms the core habitat for the various bird species that visit or reside in the sanctuary.

The Nelapattu Tank and other such water bodies within the sanctuary serve as crucial feeding and breeding grounds for a wide variety of bird species, making the sanctuary an important destination for birdwatchers and ornithologists. These freshwater habitats are essential for the survival of both resident and migratory birds, and they contribute to the rich biodiversity of the sanctuary.