Bori Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. Encompassing an area of approximately 646 square kilometers (249 square miles), this sanctuary is located in the northern foothills of the Satpura Range. Together with Satpura National Park and the Pachmarhi Sanctuary, it forms the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve.
The sanctuary derives its name from the River Bori. Notably, it holds the distinction of being India's first forest reserve, known as the Bori Reserve Forest, which was established back in 1865 along the banks of the Tawa River.
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary features mixed deciduous and bamboo forests, which are part of the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. This makes it a significant transition zone between the forests of western and eastern India.
In terms of wildlife, the sanctuary boasts a diverse array of large mammals, including tigers, leopards, wild boars, muntjac deer, gaurs (Bos gaurus), chital deer (Axis axis), sambar (Cervus unicolor), and rhesus macaques.
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Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Location
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is situated in the northern foothills of the Satpura Range. The sanctuary is bounded by the Satpura National Park to the north and east, and the Tawa River marks its western boundary.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Airport:
The nearest airport to the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is the Raja Bhoj Airport in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Raja Bhoj Airport is approximately 140 kilometers (about 87 miles) away from the sanctuary.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Nearest Railway Station:
The nearest railway station to the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is the Hoshangabad Railway Station, located in Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh. The sanctuary can be accessed from this railway station, which is approximately 32 kilometers (about 20 miles) away.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary History
Establishment: The history of the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary can be traced back to the establishment of India's oldest forest preserve, known as the Bori Reserve Forest. In 1865, this forest reserve was officially declared along the banks of the Tawa River, forming the nucleus of what is now recognized as the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary.
Early Conservation Efforts: As the first forest reserve in India, the Bori Reserve Forest played a pioneering role in emphasizing the importance of wildlife protection and conservation. In its early years, efforts were made to safeguard the region's natural resources and wildlife species, setting the foundation for future conservation initiatives.
Evolution into Bori Wildlife Sanctuary: In 1977, recognizing the ecological significance and the need for further protection, the Bori Reserve Forest evolved into the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary. This transformation aimed to ensure the continued preservation of the area's diverse flora and fauna, solidifying its status as a protected sanctuary.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Area
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is a significant protected area located in the Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh, India. Encompassing an expansive region, the sanctuary covers an area of approximately 646 square kilometers (249 square miles). This extensive land area makes it one of the substantial wildlife sanctuaries in the central part of India.
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, along with Satpura National Park and the Pachmarhi Sanctuary, forms a vital part of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. This designation highlights the sanctuary's ecological importance and its role in supporting the region's biodiversity.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary River
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is blessed with the presence of rivers that enhance its natural beauty and ecological significance. Here are some key details regarding the rivers associated with the sanctuary:
Tawa River
The Tawa River serves as a prominent feature of the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary. It forms the western and southwestern boundaries of the sanctuary, meandering through its picturesque landscape. The river provides a vital water source for the flora and fauna within the sanctuary and contributes to the overall biodiversity of the region. The Tawa River adds to the scenic charm of the sanctuary and offers opportunities for various aquatic species to thrive.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Flora
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is renowned for its diverse and rich flora, which contributes to its ecological significance and biodiversity. Here are some key features of the sanctuary's flora:
1. Mixed Deciduous Forests:
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary predominantly features mixed deciduous forests, characterized by a wide variety of tree species that shed their leaves during the dry season. These forests are crucial in supporting numerous wildlife species and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region.
2. Bamboo Forests:
Bamboo forests are another prominent feature of the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary. Bamboo stands provide essential habitats for various animal species, including certain bird species and small mammals. They also contribute to soil conservation and serve as a significant source of food for herbivores.
3. Eastern Highlands Moist Deciduous Forests Ecoregion:
The sanctuary falls within the Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion, which is characterized by its unique mix of flora. This ecoregion serves as an important transition zone between the forests of western and eastern India, resulting in a diverse array of plant species.
4. Dominant Tree Species:
Several tree species dominate the vegetation of the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary. Notably, teak (Tectona grandis) is a prominent tree found within the sanctuary's forests, valued for its timber. Other dominant tree species include dhaora (Anogeissus latifolia), tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), and many more. These trees provide essential habitats for various wildlife and contribute to the overall health of the ecosystem.
5. Riparian Forests:
The presence of rivers, such as the Tawa River, in the sanctuary supports the growth of riparian forests along the riverbanks. These riparian ecosystems are essential for maintaining the water quality and providing habitat for various aquatic and semi-aquatic species.
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Fauna (Bori Wildlife Sanctuary Animals)
The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is teeming with a diverse array of wildlife, making it a haven for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers. The sanctuary's rich fauna includes a wide range of mammals, birds, and other fascinating creatures. Here are some key highlights of the sanctuary's fauna:
Mammals:
- Tiger
- Leopard
- Wild Boar
- Muntjac Deer
- Gaur
- Chital Deer
- Sambar
- Mouse Deer
- Four-horned Antelope
- Chinkara
- Nilgai
- Rhesus Macaques
- Flying Squirrel
- Tree Shrew
- Common Mongoose
- Small Indian Civet
- Indian Porcupine
Birds:
- Malabar Pied Hornbill
- Malabar Whistling Thrush
- Indian Scimitar Babbler
Reptiles:
- Indian Rock Python
- Common Indian Monitor
- Russell's Viper
- Indian Chameleon
Bori Wildlife Sanctuary UPSC Questions
Q. Where is Bori Wildlife Sanctuary located?/The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary (bws) is located in which state?
A. The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Hoshangabad District of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. It is situated in the northern foothills of the Satpura Range.
Q. When was the Bori Sanctuary established?
A. The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1977.
Q. Is Bori Sanctuary present in the biosphere reserve?
A. Yes, the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is part of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. Along with Satpura National Park and the Pachmarhi Sanctuary, the Bori Wildlife Sanctuary forms an integral part of this biosphere reserve.
Q. Which is oldest wildlife sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh?
A. The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is the oldest wildlife sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh, India. Established in 1865, it holds the distinction of being India's first forest reserve and has a long history of conservation efforts.
Q. Why is Bori Wildlife Sanctuary famous?/Bori Wildlife Sanctuary famous for?
A. The Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is famous for several reasons, making it a significant and renowned conservation area in Madhya Pradesh, India. Here are some of the reasons why Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is well-known:
(i) Oldest Forest Preserve: Bori Wildlife Sanctuary includes India's oldest forest preserve, the Bori Reserve Forest, established in 1865. As the country's first forest reserve, it holds historical importance in the field of wildlife conservation and served as a model for other protected areas.
(ii) Rich Biodiversity: The sanctuary is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna. It boasts a variety of large mammals, including tigers, leopards, gaurs, and deer species, making it an excellent destination for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers.
(iii) Tiger and Leopard Habitat: Bori Wildlife Sanctuary is one of the important tiger and leopard habitats in Madhya Pradesh. The presence of these big cats adds to its reputation as a prime wildlife destination.
(iv) Avian Diversity: With over 230 bird species recorded, the sanctuary is a paradise for birdwatchers. The diversity of avifauna attracts ornithologists and nature lovers from around the world.
(v) Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve: The sanctuary is part of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, a designated conservation area, which further enhances its ecological importance.
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