Indira Gandhi National Park UPSC (Annamalai National Park UPSC)
Indira Gandhi National Park, also known as Annamalai National Park, is a renowned national park located in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu states in southern India. The name Anamalai because the park is located in the Anaimalai Hills, part of the Western Ghats
The park was established in 1976 and was renamed after the former Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, in recognition of her contributions to wildlife conservation.
The primary objective of Indira Gandhi National Park is to protect and preserve the endangered Bengal tiger. The park is part of the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Indira Gandhi National Park Location
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is located in the Pollachi and Valparai taluks of Coimbatore District and Udumalaipettai taluk in Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India. It lie in the southern part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in the Anamalai Hills, which are part of the larger Western Ghats mountain range.
The nearest major city to Indira Gandhi National Park is Coimbatore, which is located approximately 70 kilometers (43 miles) away. Coimbatore has good connectivity through road, rail, and air transportation, making it a convenient gateway to reach the park.
Indira Gandhi National Park Nearest Airport:
Nearest airport is at Coimbatore, which is 75 kms away from the park.
Indira Gandhi National Park Nearest Railway Station:
Nearest Railway station is Pollachi, which is 35 kms away.
Indira Gandhi National Park History
Indira Gandhi National Park, formerly known as Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, has a rich history of conservation efforts and wildlife protection. Here is a brief overview of its history:
Establishment: The Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1976, covering an initial area of 958 square kilometers (370 square miles) in the Western Ghats of southern India. It was primarily created to protect the region's diverse wildlife and their habitats.
Renaming: In 1987, the Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary was renamed Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, in honor of the late Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi. The renaming was a tribute to her contributions to wildlife conservation and environmental preservation.
Tiger Reserve: In 2007, the park was designated as a tiger reserve under the Project Tiger initiative of the Government of India. This step aimed to enhance the protection and conservation of the endangered Bengal tiger and its habitat within the park.
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve: Indira Gandhi National Park is a significant component of the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2012. The reserve encompasses several protected areas across the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka, collectively conserving the unique biodiversity of the Western Ghats.
Indira Gandhi National Park Area
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) spans an area of approximately 958 square kilometers (370 square miles). It is situated in the Western Ghats mountain range, encompassing parts of the Coimbatore and Tiruppur districts in Tamil Nadu in Kerala, southern India.
The area of the park is 958 sq km of which only 387 sq km spreadover in Tiruppur district. The park's vast area includes diverse landscapes, ranging from dense forests to hilly terrains and grasslands.
It's important to note that the park is part of the larger Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, which covers a much larger area extending across multiple protected areas in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
Indira Gandhi National Park Hills
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is located in the Anamalai Hills of the Western Ghats in southern India. These hills are an integral part of the park's landscape and contribute to its scenic beauty and ecological significance.
The Anamalai Hills, also known as the Elephant Hills, are a mountain range that runs parallel to the western coast of South India. They are situated in the border region between Tamil Nadu and Kerala, with the park spanning across both states. The highest peak in the Anamalai Hills is Anamudi, which stands at an elevation of approximately 2,695 meters (8,842 feet) and is the highest peak in South India.
The hills are characterized by their lush green forests, cascading waterfalls, and diverse wildlife. They play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region and act as a vital habitat for numerous plant and animal species. The hilly terrain offers opportunities for trekking, hiking, and exploring the natural beauty of the park.
Indira Gandhi National Park River
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is blessed with several rivers and streams that flow through its diverse landscape. These water bodies contribute to the park's ecological richness and provide habitats for various aquatic species.
Here are some prominent rivers and streams in and around the park:
(1) Aliyar River:
The Aliyar River is one of the major rivers in the region, originating in the Anaimalai Hills and flowing through the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. It is a tributary of the Bharathapuzha River and passes through the picturesque Aliyar Dam, located near the park. The Aliyar River and its reservoir are known for their scenic beauty and serve as a water source for wildlife in the area.
(2) Chinnar River:
Chinnar River flows through the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, which is adjacent to the Indira Gandhi National Park. It originates from the Pambar River in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats and meanders through the sanctuary, providing water for the wildlife and supporting the diverse flora and fauna of the region.
(3) Thirumoorthy River:
Thirumoorthy River is another important water body in the vicinity of the park. It originates from the Thirumoorthy Hills and flows through the Thirumoorthy Dam, located near Udumalpet town. The river and dam are surrounded by lush greenery and offer a serene environment.
(4) Amaravathi River:
The Amaravathi River is located a little further away from the park but is still significant in the region. It flows through the Amaravathi Dam, which is located near Udumalpet town in Tamil Nadu. The river and dam are known for their scenic beauty and are popular tourist destinations.
These rivers and streams in and around Indira Gandhi National Park not only add to the beauty of the landscape but also provide essential water resources for the wildlife and vegetation within the park. They contribute to the overall ecological balance and biodiversity of the region.
Indira Gandhi National Park Lake
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is home to several lakes and reservoirs that enhance the beauty and ecological significance of the park.
Here are some notable lakes in and around the park:
(1) Amaravathi Reservoir:
The Amaravathi Reservoir is located near Udumalpet town in Tamil Nadu, close to the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. It is formed by the Amaravathi Dam across the Amaravathi River. The reservoir not only serves as a water source but also attracts a variety of bird species, making it a popular spot for birdwatching.
(2) Aliyar Reservoir:
The Aliyar Reservoir is situated near Pollachi in Tamil Nadu, within the vicinity of the park. It is formed by the Aliyar Dam on the Aliyar River. The reservoir offers scenic views and boating facilities, making it a popular recreational spot for visitors.
(3) Upper Aliyar Reservoir:
Located upstream of the Aliyar Dam, the Upper Aliyar Reservoir is another picturesque water body near the park. It is surrounded by green hills and forests, providing a serene environment for nature lovers.
(4) Thirumoorthy Reservoir:
Thirumoorthy Reservoir is formed by the Thirumoorthy Dam, which is situated near Udumalpet in Tamil Nadu. Although slightly farther from the park, it is within the vicinity and is known for its natural beauty and tranquility.
These lakes and reservoirs not only enhance the aesthetic appeal of the region but also play a vital role in supporting the wildlife and vegetation of Indira Gandhi National Park. They provide water sources for the animals and offer habitats for various aquatic species.
Indira Gandhi National Park Tribe
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is home to several tribal communities. These tribes have a long-standing presence in the region and have been integral to the cultural and social fabric of the area.
Here are some of the tribal communities associated with the park:
(1) Kadar:
The Kadar tribe is one of the major indigenous communities in the region. They have a deep connection with the forests and are skilled in traditional hunting and gathering practices. Their knowledge of medicinal plants and forest resources is extensive.
(2) Malasar/Malai Malasar:
The Malasar tribe, also known as Malai Malasar, is another prominent tribal community residing in the Anamalai Hills. They have a distinct culture and are known for their traditional knowledge of the forests and agricultural practices.
(3) Pulaiyar:
The Pulaiyar tribe is part of the indigenous population in the area. They have a unique cultural identity and traditional practices. The Pulaiyars are known for their skills in farming, bamboo craft, and pottery.
(4) Mudugar/Mudugars:
The Mudugar tribe is also found in the region. They have a rich cultural heritage and are skilled in agriculture and forest-based livelihoods. The Mudugars have unique customs, rituals, and traditional knowledge related to the ecosystem.
(5) Eravalar/Eravallan:
The Eravalar, also known as Eravallan, are one of the indigenous tribes living in the vicinity of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. They have their own distinct culture, traditions, and way of life.
Indira Gandhi National Park Flora
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is renowned for its rich and diverse flora. The park's vegetation is characterized by tropical evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, and grasslands.
Here are some key features of the park's flora:
(1) Tropical Evergreen Forests:
The park is home to extensive stretches of tropical evergreen forests, which thrive in the moist and humid conditions of the Western Ghats. These forests are characterized by dense tree canopies, with trees reaching great heights. Some prominent tree species found in these forests include rosewood, ebony, vengai, teak, and magnolia.
(2) Moist Deciduous Forests:
Along with evergreen forests, the park also features moist deciduous forests. These forests experience seasonal changes, with the trees shedding their leaves during dry periods. Teak, bamboos, terminalia, Indian laurel, and banyan are some common tree species found in these forests.
(3) Grasslands:
The park contains patches of grasslands, which are interspersed between the forests. These grasslands are important habitats for various animal species and contribute to the overall biodiversity of the park.
(4) Medicinal Plants:
Indira Gandhi National Park is also known for its abundant medicinal plant species. The region is rich in diverse plant species that have traditional medicinal uses. These plants play a crucial role in the local healthcare practices and are a significant component of the park's flora.
(5) Orchids and Epiphytes:
The park is home to numerous orchid species, including rare and endemic varieties. Epiphytic plants, such as ferns, mosses, and lichens, can also be found growing on tree trunks and branches, adding to the park's ecological diversity.
Indira Gandhi National Park Fauna (Indira Gandhi National Park Animals)
Indira Gandhi National Park is famous for which animal?
Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is renowned for its diverse and abundant fauna. The park is home to numerous species of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects.
Here are some of the notable fauna found in the park:
Mammals:
- Tigers
- Elephants
- Panthers
- Lion-tailed Macaque
- Nilgiris Langur
- Bonnet Macaque
- Common Langur
- Sloth Bear
- Wild Boar
- Pangolin
- Barking Deer
- Sambar
- Spotted Deer
- Mouse Deer
- Civet Cat
- Nilgiris Tahr
- Malabar Giant Squirrel
- Grizzled Giant Squirrel
Birds:
- Wayanad Laughing Thrush
- Racket Tailed Drongo
- Black Headed Oriole
- Whistling Thrust
- Paradise Flycatcher
- Green Pigeon
- Emerald Dove
- Rufous Wood Pecker
- Tickell’s Flower Pecker
- Black Eagle
- Rose Ringed Parakeet
- Fairy Blue Bird
- Great Indian Malabar Pied HornBill
- Green Billed Malkoha
Reptiles:
- Indian Rock Pythons
- King Cobras
- Indian Monitor Lizards
Top Things to do in Indira Gandhi National Park
Visiting Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) offers a range of exciting activities and experiences for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. Here are some of the top things to do in the park:
- Wildlife Safari
- Nature Walks and Treks
- Birdwatching
- Visit Tribal Villages
- Visit Anamalai Tea Estate
- Visit Aliyar Dam and Reservoir
- Photography and Nature Observation
- Wildlife Conservation Activities
Indira Gandhi National Park UPSC Questions
Q. Indira Gandhi National Park established in which year?
A. Indira Gandhi National Park was established in 1976.
Q. When Indira Gandhi National Park is renamed?
A. Indira Gandhi National Park was renamed in 1987.
Q. Where is Indira Gandhi National Park?/Indira Gandhi National Park in which state/district?/Which state belongs to Indira Gandhi National Park?
A. Indira Gandhi National Park (Annamalai National Park) is located in the Pollachi and Valparai taluks of Coimbatore District and Udumalaipettai taluk in Tiruppur District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Q. Why Indira Gandhi National Park is famous?
A. Indira Gandhi National Park is famous for several reasons. Here are some of the key factors that contribute to its fame:
- Biodiversity Hotspot
- Tiger Conservation
- Elephant Population
- Avian Diversity
- Tribal Communities
- Scenic Beauty
- Ecotourism Opportunities
- Conservation Efforts
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